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Clinical Times: Respiratory

All entries for Respiratory

Update on treatment options

Gary Culliton | 28 January 2010

Clinical update: COPD & Asthma - The main underlying problem with asthma is airways inflammation, which leads to asthma symptoms and reduced lung function. Inhaled steroids are generally the main initial therapy for many asthmatics.... Read more

Quitting is crucial in managing COPD

Gary Culliton | 28 January 2010

Clinical update: COPD & Asthma - A total of 85-90 per cent of people who develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are smokers, the Asthma Society of Ireland reports. COPD is a growing problem and about 30 per cent of... Read more

Genetic mutation may predispose to asthma

Gary Culliton | 28 January 2010

Clinical update: COPD & Asthma - Mutations in the filaggrin gene among many Irish families predisposes them to develop eczema and this may progress later to asthma, revealed Prof Padraic Fallon, Science Foundation Ireland Stokes Professor of Translational Immunology at... Read more

Researchers study immune system's role in triggering asthma

Gary Culliton | 28 January 2010

Clinical update: COPD & Asthma - There has been a confluence of two advances in asthma, said Dr Conor Burke, Respiratory Consultant at Connolly Hospital in Blanchardstown.... Read more

Top tips on Asthma

13 November 2009

Continuing with our series, Dr John Faul, Consultant Respiratory Physician and Sleep Disorder Specialist, gives his 10 top tips on managing asthma... Read more

New drug improves lung function in patients with COPD

12 November 2009

A potential new treatment for COPD has been shown to significantly improve lung function... Read more

Nurse visits help prevent future more serious treatment

14 October 2009

Nurses who make home visits to children with asthma can help prevent half of those children from having to receive more serious treatment for their condition, new research has suggested.... Read more

Phoning it in: The telephone clinic for paediatric asthma

Mary McDonald, Marie Roddy, Catherine Carrig, Mary Devitt, Dr Basil Elnazir | 19 June 2009

Mary McDonald, Marie Roddy, Catherine Carrig, Mary Devitt and Dr Basil Elnazir describe an innovative approach to asthma care in Tallaght Hospital. Asthma is a common childhood chronic illness and a significant healthcare problem in Ireland. The prevalence of asthma... Read more

Childhood stress poses life-long risk for chronic respiratory disease and asthma

JAMA | 15 June 2009

Physical and mental stress in childhood may have life-long adverse effects on a person’s risk of developing such chronic illnesses as asthma, chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, according to researchers. “A scientific consensus is emerging that the origins... Read more

Proton-pump inhibitors linked to increased risk of pneumonia

JAMA | 08 June 2009

Hospitalised patients who receive acid-suppressive medications such as a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) have 30 per cent increased odds of developing pneumonia while in hospital, according to a new US study. With the introduction of proton-pump inhibitors, used primarily in the... Read more

Women exposed to wood dust have higher risk of respiratory diseases

European Respiratory Journal | 08 June 2009

A prospective six-year study from Denmark has found that women with occupational exposure to wood dust, even at low levels, have a higher risk of asthma, cough or chronic bronchitis than their non-woodworking counterparts. Interestingly, male colleagues do not seem... Read more

Web programmes can help smokers quit

Archives of Internal Medicine | 03 June 2009

Available evidence supports the use of online or smoking cessation programmes to help adults quit smoking, according to a meta-analysis of previously published studies. In the paper, doctors identified 22 randomised controlled trials of web- and computer-based programmes published between... Read more

Sleep apnoea and its effects on drivers' behaviour

Dr John Garvey and Prof Walter T McNicholas | 11 May 2009

Dr John Garvey and Prof Walter T McNicholas on obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, which is thought to affect at least 60,000 adults in Ireland and is thought to play a major role in causing road traffic accidents. Driving is a... Read more

Low intake of vitamins A and C boosts asthma risk

Thorax | 29 April 2009

A relatively low dietary intake of vitamins A and C boosts the risk of asthma, according to a new analysis of available evidence. Researchers looked at 40 studies, which had looked at the association between vitamin intake and asthma and... Read more

A spotlight on sarcoidosis

Dr Seamas Donnelly | 29 April 2009

Dr Seamas Donnelly writes about the diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis, with Ireland having one of the highest incidences of the disease in the world At the National Pulmonary Fibrosis Referral Centre at St Vincent’s University Hospital, patients with progressive... Read more

Experts focus on sleep medicine

31 March 2009

Sleep medicine is an area of huge public health and clinical significance, delegates attending the Cephalon Third Annual Sleep Disorder Symposium on Friday, February 27 were told. Welcoming attendants to the meeting in the Radisson SAS Hotel at Dublin Airport,... Read more

Sleep-disordered breathing

Dr Ruairi Fahy | 11 March 2009

Dr Ruairi Fahy writes about the best ways to diagnose and treat the sleep disorder called obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome. Episodes of cessation of respiration (apnoea), or reduction in the tidal volume (hypopnoea), are commonly seen in adults during sleep.... Read more

Clinical consequences of poor asthma control

Dr Ross Morgan | 03 March 2009

Dr Ross Morgan writes that failure to adhere to a regular self-management plan can result in major clinical consequences for people with asthma. Asthma is the most common respiratory condition in Ireland and we have the fourth highest prevalence of... Read more

How to control Irish asthma

Dr Terry O'Connor | 24 February 2009

Dr Terry O'Connor writes that enhancing the control of asthma in this country would bring both medical and economic benefits. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterised by airway hyperresponsiveness to a variety of non-specific stimuli, leading... Read more

Diagnosing and treating asthma

Dr Patrick Manning | 11 February 2009

Dr Patrick Manning writes about the prevalence of asthma in Ireland and outlines the best methods of diagnosing the condition and ways to manage more difficult-to-treat cases. About 5 per cent of the adult population has asthma with an increasing... Read more

Hospital cleaning products and disinfectants boost asthma risk

Online First Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 30 January 2009

Regular exposure to hospital cleaning products and disinfectants significantly increases nurses’ risks of developing asthma, according to new research. The researchers based their findings on a representative sample of 3,650 healthcare professionals, including 941 nurses, working in the American state... Read more

Experts call for rethink of trend to fire smokers

27 January 2009

An increasing trend for employers to bar smokers from applying for jobs or staying in post should be stopped, until its appropriateness has been properly evaluated, according to leading public health experts at the University of Washington and the University... Read more

Getting less sleep associated with lower patient resistance to respiratory illnesses

Archives of Internal Medicine | 24 January 2009

Individuals who get less than seven hours of sleep per night appear about three times as likely to develop respiratory illness following exposure to a cold virus as those who sleep eight hours or more, according to a new report.... Read more

Researchers call for smoke-free outdoor areas

BMJ Online | 16 January 2009

Many outside public spaces should be smoke free to help stop children becoming smokers, according to leading researchers at the University of Otago in New Zealand. The researchers argued that outdoor bans in parks, car parks, beaches and streets will... Read more

Questions answered on respiratory conditions

Dr JJ Gilmartin | 13 January 2009

In the last instalment of Irish Medical Times’s 'Ask the Consultant' series, Dr JJ Gilmartin, President of the Irish Thoracic Society, answers questions on respiratory conditions. 1. Can we have clear guidelines regarding what a patient treated with Combivent for... Read more

Caesarean section birth boosts asthma risk

06 January 2009

Babies born by Caesarean section are more prone to asthma than babies delivered vaginally, new research has found. The findings are based on almost 3,000 children, whose respiratory health was monitored until they reached the age of eight years.... Read more

Breathing exercises ' don't curb need for asthma inhalers'

Online First Thorax | 06 January 2009

Asthma breathing exercises improve quality of life, but do not curb need for inhalers. Breathing exercises aimed at reducing the severity of asthma symptoms do not cut out the need for inhalers, but they do significantly improve the quality of... Read more

Diesel exhaust linked to risk of COPD

Online First Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 06 January 2009

Diesel exhausts boost the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), new research has found. The findings followed an assessment of the respiratory health of more than 30,000 workers employed on the US railways, where diesel locomotives have been... Read more

Can pharmacotherapy impact on disease progression in COPD?

Dr Anthony O'Regan | 09 December 2008

Dr Anthony O'Regan takes a look at chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and examines whether pharmacotherapy can have an effect on the progression of the disease. The sixth World COPD Day took place last month, on November 19. It is an... Read more

Nitric oxide and asthma in chidhood

Dr John Widger and Dr Basil Alnazir | 06 November 2008

Dr John Widger and Dr Basil Elnazir write that the nitric oxide test may be useful in the management of selected patients with allergic asthma. Allergic asthma is characterised by chronic inflammation of the airways and is caused by a... Read more

Vaccine does not reduce hospitalisations

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine | 28 October 2008

Use of the influenza vaccine is not associated with preventing hospitalisations or reducing physician visits for the flu in children aged five or younger during two recent seasons, perhaps because the strains of virus in the vaccine did not match... Read more

Some medicines for COPD linked to heart attack and stroke

JAMA | 02 October 2008

The use of inhaled anticholinergic agents by patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a significantly increased risk of heart attack, stroke and cardiovascular death, according to a new meta-analysis of randomised trials. In the analysis, doctors... Read more

Silver tubes lessen pneumonia risk

10 September 2008

Among intensive care unit patients who require mechanical ventilation, use of a silver-coated endotracheal tube resulted in reduced incidence of pneumonia associated with ventilators, according to a report in JAMA. Silver has displayed antimicrobial activity in the laboratory and has... Read more

Russian people favour much tougher curbs on smoking

10 September 2008

Most Russians favour much tougher curbs on smoking, and a substantial number want smoking in restaurants and on public transport to be banned, according to research published ahead of print in the journal Tobacco Control. Between 1990 and 2000, Russian... Read more

Keys to success in treating asthma

Dr Peter Barry and Prof Charles G Gallagher | 21 July 2008

Dr Peter J Barry and Prof Charles G Gallagher discuss the diagnosis and treatment of asthma — a disease which is on the increase in Ireland. Asthma has been long recognised as a distinct clinical syndrome. Early papyrus manuscripts located... Read more

Coarse air pollution not linked to hospital admission for respiratory diseases

23 May 2008

Exposure to coarse particulate matter air pollution such as from agricultural activities, windblown dust and mechanical grinding is not statistically significantly associated with emergency hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, according to a new study. Although the health risks... Read more

Youth in smoke-free towns in US

Archives of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2008;162:477-483 | 23 May 2008

Young people who live in American towns where regulations ban smoking in restaurants may be less likely to become established smokers, according to a new report. According to the report, doctors studied 3,834 youths who were aged 12 to 17... Read more

Prevention, screening and diagnosis of lung cancer

Dr Roisin O Cearbhaill | 22 May 2008

Dr Roisín O Cearbhaill, a registrar in medical oncology at Beaumont Hospital was runner-up in the 2007 Roche/Irish Medical Times Lung Cancer Medical Bursary award. This is her entry on the prevention, screening and diagnosis of lung cancer in Ireland... Read more

Probiotic cuts respiratory illness rates in athletes

Online First edition of British Journal of Sports Medicine | 25 April 2008

The probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum substantially cuts the rate and length of respiratory illness in professional long-distance runners, a small study has found. Intensive exercise can subdue the normal immune response, and as a result, some athletes are vulnerable to respiratory... Read more

Excessive sleepiness due to Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea syndrome

Dr Eddie Moloney | 29 March 2008

Excessive sleepiness can cause poor concentration which can cause accidents. Dr Eddie Moloney examines OSAHS, one of the most common causes of excessive sleepiness. There are many causes of excessive sleepiness but the most common treatable medical cause is obstructive... Read more

Cystic Fibrosis - a life-shortening, genetic disease

Dr Muhammad Arshad and Zoya Ali, | 14 March 2008

Dr Muhammad Arshad, Consultant Child Psychiatrist, and Zoya Ali, University of Bradford, write about the genetics of cystic fibrosis and how best to treat the condition. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the commonest life-shortening, childhood-onset, heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorders... Read more

Respiratory disease in children ups lung, heart risk in adults

Online First Thorax, available at http://press.psprings.co.uk/thx/february/tx86744.pdf | 26 February 2008

Respiratory disease, particularly bronchitis, in early childhood boosts the risks of cardiac and pulmonary illness and premature death in adulthood, new research has found. The research was based on about 10,000 male graduates who went to Glasgow University between 1948... Read more

Sharing the care of COPD

Dr Finbarr O’Connell | 21 February 2008

Dr Finbarr O'Connell outlines the benefits of St James's Hospital's award-winning Respiratory Outreach Programme for the management of COPD in the community. Early discharge initiatives, initially set up six years ago for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),... Read more

Chronic long-term costs of COPD

Dr Jarlath Healy | 12 February 2008

Dr Jarlath Healy writes that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be more common than previously thought and estimates the cost of care in the longer term Recent research from a large international study published in The Lancet indicates that chronic... Read more

Second-hand smoke worsens lung function in cystic fibrosis

JAMA 2008;299:417-424 | 05 February 2008

Exposure to second-hand smoke is associated with adverse effects on lung function among persons with cystic fibrosis, with this effect being worse for persons with certain gene variations, according to a new study. In the study, doctors examined several issues... Read more

WHO curbs on particulate matter

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2008;62:98-104 | 25 January 2008

Europe must adopt the World Health Organization (WHO) standard on fine particulate-matter pollution if it is to significantly curb needless premature deaths, according to leading researchers. The warning followed a study in which the researchers looked at levels of fine... Read more

Mediterranean pregnancy diet helps childhood asthma levels

Online First Thorax | 18 January 2008

Mothers-to-be who eat a Mediterranean diet while pregnant could help stave off the risks of asthma and allergy in their children, according to new research. The findings are based on 468 mother and child pairs, who were tracked from pregnancy... Read more

Fitness level can predict longevity

JAMA 2007;298:2507-2516 | 04 January 2008

Adults over age 60 who had higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness lived longer than unfit adults - independent of their levels of body fat - according to a new study. Previous studies have provided evidence that obesity and physical inactivity... Read more

Ozone link between heat and increased heart attack risk

Occupational and Environmental Medicine | 14 December 2007

Ozone may prove the key to the link between high temperature and the increased risk of death from heart disease or stroke, according to new research. The researchers based their findings on a population of almost 100 million people in... Read more

Asthma symptoms substantially reduced by interleukin inhibitor

The Lancet 2007;370:1396,1422-1431 | 02 November 2007

Targeted treatment with the drug pitrakinra to inhibit interleukins-4 and -13 in the lung could substantially diminish the symptoms of asthma, a new study has found. While it has been thought that cytokines such as interleukin-4 or interleukin-13 have a... Read more

Smoking ban has improved air and music quality

BMJ | 12 October 2007

The smoking ban has not only improved air quality in Irish pubs but also appears to have improved the quality of the music, according to a study led by a specialist registrar at St Vincent’s Hospital. According to Dr John... Read more

Exhaust fumes heighten asthma risk in children

Thorax | 31 August 2007

Exhaust fumes heighten the risk of asthma in children who are already genetically susceptible to respiratory disease, new research has indicated. The researchers studied microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) levels and genetic variations in gluathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) in more than... Read more

Children of smokers have five times higher levels of a nicotine toxin

Archives of Disease in Childhood | 29 June 2007

Children with at least one parent who smokes have 5.5 times higher levels of cotinine, according to a new study from the UK. A mother who smokes was found to have the biggest independent effect on cotinine in the urine,... Read more

European experts demand immediate action on asthma

01 June 2007

A leading group of medical experts and patient representatives has been told that treatment guidelines are not enough to reverse the impact of asthma. What is needed now is a "zero tolerance" approach to asthma attacks A leading group of... Read more

Mediterranean diet halves risk of COPD

Thorax | 25 May 2007

A Mediterranean diet can halve the chance of developing COPD, according to a new study. In the study, researchers tracked the health of almost 43,000 men. The participants were asked questions about lifestyle, including smoking and exercise, diet and medical... Read more

Mediterranean diet wards off childhood respiratory allergies

Thorax | 27 April 2007

A Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables and nuts protects against allergic rhinitis and asthma symptoms, according to new research. The researchers assessed the dietary habits, respiratory symptoms, and allergic reactions of almost 700 children living in four rural areas... Read more

Smoking ban dramatically reduces air pollution and airborne carcinogens

Colin Kerr | 27 April 2007

The workplace smoking ban in Ireland has reduced air pollution in pubs by 83 per cent and airborne carcinogens by 80 per cent for both patrons and staff since the ban was introduced three years ago, a study has found.... Read more

Bronchial thermoplasty a new treatment for asthma

New England Journal of Medicine 2007;356:1327-1337 | 13 April 2007

A new treatment known as bronchial thermoplasty may offer asthma patients relief from their symptoms in combination with existing medication, according to a new study from the UK and Canada. In the study, doctors randomly assigned 112 subjects who had... Read more

Smokers take almost eight extra sick days every year

Tobacco Control 2007;16:114-118 | 13 April 2007

Smokers take an average of almost eight days more of sick leave every year than their non-smoking colleagues, according to new research from Sweden. In the study, researchers analysed nationally representative registry data on sickness absence among more than 14,000... Read more

Attitudes to lung cancer and its treatment make advances, part two

Dr Linda Coate | 13 April 2007

Erlotinib is useful both in the setting of patients who either progressed on or poorly tolerated traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. It is also worth consideration in patients whose baseline performance status precludes treatment with cytotoxic chemotherapy. Its side effect profile is... Read more

Attitudes to lung cancer and its treatment make advances, part one

Dr Linda Coate | 06 April 2007

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the Western World. Some 160,000 people die of this disease in the US and 1,500 lives every year are lost to this disease in Ireland. The overall survival rate among... Read more

Antibiotics appear to be overprescribed for sinus infections

Archives of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 2007;133:260-265 | 30 March 2007

Antibiotics are prescribed for approximately 82 per cent of acute sinus infections and nearly 70 per cent of chronic sinus infections, despite the fact that viruses are by far the most frequent cause of this condition, according to a new... Read more

Campaign to eliminate TB by 2020

Colin Kerr | 02 March 2007

The upcoming launch by Minister for Health Mary Harney of a new strategy for the elimination of tuberculosis from Ireland by 2020 marks a significant milestone for Dr Margaret Hannon and her team at the Mater Hospital. On Thursday 22... Read more

Blindness terrifies teens, but few realise link with smoking

British Journal of Ophthalmology | 16 February 2007

Teenagers fear blindness more than lung cancer or stroke, but nine out of 10 don’t know that smoking can rob them of their sight in later life, according to a new study of 260 UK teenagers. One in five of... Read more

Treatment is rapidly evolving

Dr Pat Manning | 26 January 2007

With an estimated 400,000 sufferers, Ireland has the fourth highest number of people with asthma in the world- 11.5 per cent.Managementof the condition follows the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) evidence-based international guidelines. Many patients have significant asthma related morbidity... Read more

Hajj pilgrims should get flu jab to avoid pandemic

BMJ 2006;333:1182-1183 | 05 January 2007

Flu vaccination should be mandatory for all Hajj pilgrims to minimise the risk of a global pandemic, doctors have advised. At the end of next month Saudi Arabia will again host the Hajj– the largest annual gathering in the world–... Read more

Understanding of wheeze crucial to investigation of asthma

European Respiratory Journal, December 2006 | 08 December 2006

A new study has found that parents may not know what constitutes a ‘wheeze’, an ignorance that may be leading to an undertreating of asthma. In the study, researchers investigated the understanding of the term ‘wheeze’ in medical questionnaires. Parents... Read more

Healthcare workers at twice risk of TB

European Respiratory Journal December 2006 | 01 December 2006

A new Dutch study has found that healthcare workers are twice as likely as members of the general population to acquire tuberculosis. The study drew on five years of data concerning TB cases declared by healthcare workers in the Netherlands,... Read more