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Depression among preschoolers may well continue into childhood

Depression among preschoolers appears to be a continuous, chronic condition rather than a transient developmental stage, according to new research.

The report followed a study in which doctors followed 306 preschoolers aged three to six years.

Of these, 75 met criteria for major depressive disorder, 79 had anxiety or disruptive disorders but not depression, and 146 did not meet criteria for any psychiatric disorder.

A comprehensive three- to four-hour laboratory assessment was completed at the start of the study. While children completed measures of emotional, cognitive and social development, primary caregivers were interviewed separately about the preschoolers’ psychiatric symptoms and developmental skills.

Similar developmental and assessments were conducted 12 and 24 months later.

“Preschoolers with depression at baseline had the highest likelihood of subsequent depression 12 and/or 24 months later compared with preschoolers with no baseline disorder and with those who had other psychiatric disorders,” the authors reported.

After controlling for other variables and risk factors, preschoolers with depression at the beginning of the study had a four times greater likelihood of having depression one and two years later than preschoolers without depression.

The condition also showed a chronic and recurrent course. In a subset of 119 preschoolers with depression or depressive symptoms who were screened at six and 18 months, 57 per cent of those with depression had an episode during at least two follow-up points and 18 per cent followed a chronic course, defined as having an episode in at least four waves of the study.

“These results underscore the clinical and public health importance of identification of depression as early as preschool,” the authors stated. Early intervention during the preschool period has proved effective in other childhood disorders, they noted.

“Earlier interventions for major depressive disorder during the preschool period may be an important area for investigation in the search for more effective treatments for childhood major depressive disorder.”

Archives of General Psychiatry 2009;66:897-905

Posted in Mental Health & CNS on 18 November 2009
Tags: depression

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abortion, accupuncture, ACE inhibitors, acne, ADHD, alcohol, allergies, Alzheimer's, anaemia, anaethesia, anorexia, antibiotics, antidepressants, antihistamine, anxiety, appetite control, arthritis, ASCOT, aspirin, asthma, atherosclerosis, autism, autoantibodies, back pain, beta carotene, beta-blockers, bipolar disorder, birth, bleeding, blindness, blood pressure, body dysmorphic disorder, body mass, breast cancer, breast feeding, bronchitis, Caesarean section, calcium, cancer, carcinogens, carcinoma, cardiac syncope, cardiolgy, cataracts, cervical cancer, chemotherapy, child psychiatry, children, cholesterol, clinical trial, clopidogrel, Clostridium difficile, cognitive behavioural therapy, colectomy, colic, colorectal cancer, complementary and alternative therapies, contraception, COPD, coronary care, coronary stents, Crohn's, cystic fibrosis, defibrillator, dementia, depression, dermatology, diabetes management, diet, disability, DNA, Down's syndrome, eating disorders, echinacea, ECT, eczema, elderly people, endoscopy, epilepsy, erectile dysfunction, euthanasia, exercise, fat, fertility, fitness, flu pandemic, fluoxetine, folic acid, food labelling, fracture, fragile X syndrome, general surgery, genetics, gerontology, GIK infusion therapy, GORD, gout, haemodialysis, hearing, heart attack, heart disease, heart failure, heart health, hepatitis, HIV, hospital care, HPV, HRT, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hypoglycaemia, IBD, ICU, incontinence, infant, infant mortality, infection, inflammatory bowel disease, influenza, invasive candidiasis, IQ, Irish Heart Foundation, irritable bowel syndrome, keyhole surgery, kidney disease, laser, learning difficulties, leukaemia, liver disease, lumbar disk herniation, lung cancer, lung disease, lymph nodes, macular degeneration, macular oedema, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), malaria, malnutrition, Marfan syndrome, media, medical ethics, medical research, medication, meningitis, mental illness, metabolic syndrome, migraine, miscarriage, mortality rate, MRSA, multiple sclerosis (MS), NCHDs, nephrology, neurology, OAB, obesity, obstetrics, occupational health, ocular medicine, omega-3, opthalmology, oral cancer, organ transplantation, orthopaedics, osteoporosis, otolaryngology, ovarian cancer, paediatrics, pain management, pancreatic cancer, panic, Parkinson’s disease, patient safety, patient-physician communication, personality disorders, physiotherapy, plastic surgery, polio, practice, pre-eclampsia, pregnancy, preventative health care, probiotics, prostate cancer, psoriasis, psychiatric admission, psychiatry, psychotherapy, PTSD, public health, quality of life, radiology, radiotherapy, rectal cancer, reproductive health, research, resuscitation, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatology, rhinitis, salt, SARS, schizophrenia, screening, seizures, self harm, sexual abuse, sexual health, sexually transmitted infections, SGA, sinusitis, skin cancer, sleep disorders, smoking, smoking ban, spinal injury, sports medicine, statins, stress, stroke, substance abuse, suicide, supplement, surgery, syncope, technology, teenagers, testosterone, thoracic surgery, thrombosis, thyroid cancer, tonsillectomy, tonsillitis, Tourette's syndrome, toxicology, travel medicine, tuberculosis, tumour angiogenesis, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, ulcer, ulcerative colitis, urinary incontinence, vaccine, vitamins, weight, WHO, women's health, World Health Assembly

«Previous article | Next article»

Depression among preschoolers may well continue into childhood

Depression among preschoolers appears to be a continuous, chronic condition rather than a transient developmental stage, according to new research.

The report followed a study in which doctors followed 306 preschoolers aged three to six years.

Of these, 75 met criteria for major depressive disorder, 79 had anxiety or disruptive disorders but not depression, and 146 did not meet criteria for any psychiatric disorder.

A comprehensive three- to four-hour laboratory assessment was completed at the start of the study. While children completed measures of emotional, cognitive and social development, primary caregivers were interviewed separately about the preschoolers’ psychiatric symptoms and developmental skills.

Similar developmental and assessments were conducted 12 and 24 months later.

“Preschoolers with depression at baseline had the highest likelihood of subsequent depression 12 and/or 24 months later compared with preschoolers with no baseline disorder and with those who had other psychiatric disorders,” the authors reported.

After controlling for other variables and risk factors, preschoolers with depression at the beginning of the study had a four times greater likelihood of having depression one and two years later than preschoolers without depression.

The condition also showed a chronic and recurrent course. In a subset of 119 preschoolers with depression or depressive symptoms who were screened at six and 18 months, 57 per cent of those with depression had an episode during at least two follow-up points and 18 per cent followed a chronic course, defined as having an episode in at least four waves of the study.

“These results underscore the clinical and public health importance of identification of depression as early as preschool,” the authors stated. Early intervention during the preschool period has proved effective in other childhood disorders, they noted.

“Earlier interventions for major depressive disorder during the preschool period may be an important area for investigation in the search for more effective treatments for childhood major depressive disorder.”

Archives of General Psychiatry 2009;66:897-905

Posted in Mental Health & CNS on 18 November 2009
Tags: depression