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Clinical Times: December 2008

Hypersensitivity reactions to quadrivalent HPV vaccine are rare

BMJ Online | 16 December 2008 | Infections & Immunology

Hypersensitivity react-ions to the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV, Gardasil) are uncommon and most schoolgirls can tolerate subsequent doses, a new study has found. In Australia, from April 2007, secondary schoolgirls received the 4vHPV vaccine as part of a national immunisation... Read more

Expert calls for more rational and scientific approach to AIDS

BMJ Online | 14 December 2008 | Infections & Immunology

The Secretariat of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) has lost valuable ground by ignoring for years the contribution of long-term concurrent relationships to Africa’s AIDS epidemic, according to a leading expert. UNAIDS may be ‘contributing to the... Read more

The science of MRI scanning

Laurence O'Dwyer | 13 December 2008 | Musculoskeletal

Laurence O'Dwyer looks at the science behind MRI scanners and how Irish research groups are using these machines during their investigations. One reason for the mystery of the human body is that its interior is largely out of bounds. What... Read more

Experts gather at mitral valve conference

Dr Ross Murphy | 12 December 2008 | Cardiovascular

Key international guests gathered for a recent conference to hear how mitral valve surgery can help patients with heart failure, writes Dr Ross Murphy Mitral valve disease is a potentially important curable cause of heart failure. It is receiving more... Read more

People aged 65 or over are advised to get flu jab this winter

BMJ Online | 11 December 2008 | Infections & Immunology

Despite recent doubts about its effectiveness, the influenza vaccine does give valuable protection against illness, hospital admission and death caused by influenza, and people over 65 should have the flu jab this winter, according to leading experts. In light of... Read more

Vaccine linked to reduced illness and less impairment of academic performance

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine | 11 December 2008 | Infections & Immunology

College students who are vaccinated against influenza appear less likely to develop flu-like illnesses, require related healthcare visits or experience impairments in academic performance during flu season, according to a new report. The report followed a study of 12,975 students... Read more

Doctors must look after their own health too

BMJ Online | 10 December 2008 | Mental Health & CNS

Short-term counselling and a modest cut in work hours may help reduce emotional exhaustion and sick leave in doctors, according to a new study. It is well known that doctors have higher rates of depression and suicide than the general... Read more

The use of biologic agents for patients with psoriasis

Dr Benvon Moran and Prof Sarah Rogers | 09 December 2008 | Skin

Dr Benvon Moran and Prof Sarah Rogers explain the range of biologic treatments available for patients with psoriasis and discuss dosage, side-effects and monitoring Patients with psoriasis who have failed on, or become resistant to, oral systemic medication will progress... Read more

Can pharmacotherapy impact on disease progression in COPD?

Dr Anthony O'Regan | 09 December 2008 | Respiratory

Dr Anthony O'Regan takes a look at chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and examines whether pharmacotherapy can have an effect on the progression of the disease. The sixth World COPD Day took place last month, on November 19. It is an... Read more

Cardiovascular disease in RA

Dr Miriam O'Sullivan, Dr Grainne Murphy and Prof MGM Molloy | 09 December 2008 | Cardiovascular

Dr Miriam O'Sullivan, Dr Grainne Murphy and Prof MGM Molloy look at the incidence of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis and how best to manage CVD risk in these patients. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory arthropathy. It... Read more

Treatments and therapies for patients with SAD

Dr Anwarul Haq | 09 December 2008 |

Dr Anwarul Haq takes a look at the reasons for the development of seasonal affective disorder and the steps and treatments that patients can take to relieve the symptoms of the condition. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) was a term used... Read more

PET scans support 'cognitive reserve' hypothesis

Archives of Neurology | 09 December 2008 | Mental Health & CNS

Individuals with higher education levels appear to score higher on cognitive tests despite having evidence of brain plaques associated with Alzheimer’s disease, according to a new report. The so-called ‘cognitive reserve’ hypothesis holds that individuals with greater cognitive abilities are... Read more

Study reveals link between depression and pain

Archives of General Psychiatry | 08 December 2008 | Mental Health & CNS

The brains of individuals with major depressive disorder appear to react more strongly when anticipating pain and also display altered functioning of the neural network that modifies pain sensitivity, according to a new report. The report followed a study in... Read more

Help with hypertension

Dr Carl Vaughan | 07 December 2008 | Cardiovascular

Dr Carl Vaughan answers questions from GPs on hypertension in the penultimate instalment of our Ask the Consultant series 1. What is the risk to renal function with ARBs? Answer: Some physicians are worried about worsening renal function when they... Read more

Outcome measures in inflammatory arthritis

Dr Bernadette Lynch Dr Douglas J. Veale | 06 December 2008 | Musculoskeletal

Dr Bernadette Lynch and Dr Douglas J. Veale describe the types of remission in arthritis and the various methods of measuring outcomes. Inflammatory arthritides such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) affect two per cent to three per... Read more

Taking vitamin D levels seriously

Dr Muhammad Haroon, Dr Mark J. Phelan and Dr Michael J. Regan | 05 December 2008 | Nutrition

Dr Muhammad Haroon, Dr Mark J. Phelan and Dr Michael J. Regan explain the definition and causes of vitamin D deficiency and look at some Irish studies which have examined rates of vitamin deficiency here Vitamin D deficiency is preventable... Read more

Schizophrenia – early detection and integrated care

Dr Dominic Fannon | 04 December 2008 | Mental Health & CNS

Early detection and integrated care — the future for people with schizophrenia Dr Dominic Fannon writes on the prevalence and treatment of schizophrenia and the need for 'joined-up' treatment for patients. Schizophrenia is a clinical syndrome comprised of a variety... Read more

IL-6 inhibition offers new hope for RA patients

Greg Baxter | 03 December 2008 | Musculoskeletal

Greg Baxter talks to Dr Ernest Choy — one of the world's foremost experts in Rheumatoid Arthritis — who says new drugs offer hope for RA patients. Eight years ago, Dr Ernest Choy was studying anti-TNF treatments for patients with... Read more

Mental illness linked to increased risk of stillbirth and newborn deaths

Online First edition of Archives of Disease in Childhood | 03 December 2008 | Mental Health & CNS

Mothers with any form of serious mental illness are more likely to have children who are stillborn or who die within the first month, new research has found. The links between the causes of stillbirth and newborn death, however, depend... Read more

Lung cancer needs to be identified early

June Shannon | 02 December 2008 | Cancer

June Shannon talks to Mr Vincent Young, Consultant in Cardiothoracic surgery at St James’s Hospital about lung cancer treatment and the need to diagnose lung cancer at an early stage. The latest figures from the National Cancer Registry, ‘Cancer in... Read more

Diagnosis and treatment of generalised anxiety disorder

Gary Culliton | 02 December 2008 | Mental Health & CNS

At a recent clinical meeting in Dublin, those present heard about the epidemiology of generalised anxiety disorder and about some evidence-based treatments for the condition. Prof Christer Algulander, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden gave an update on diagnosis, cognition and treatment... Read more