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Clinical Times: January 2008

Fifty years of cardiology: from bed rest to dissolvable stents

Dr Ross Murphy | 25 January 2008 | Cardiovascular

Consultant cardiologist, Dr Ross Murphy, charts recent advancements in coronary care and points to the need for continued exploration and movement on all frontiers In 1956, the world’s leading cardiologist insisted on three-to-six weeks’ strict bed rest on a semi-starvation... Read more

Detection of cancer: general practitioners needs’ assessment

Helena Daly & Claire Collins | 25 January 2008 | Cancer

The Irish Cancer Society (ICS) and Irish College of General Practitioners (ICGP) have collaborated in a study to assess the needs of general practitioners for the early detection of cancer in primary care. The aim of the study was to... Read more

Gene mutation divide on breast cancer risk

JAMA 2008;299:194-201 | 25 January 2008 | Cancer

There is a broad variation in the risk of developing breast cancer among people who carry the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation, according to a new study. The risk of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers has been... Read more

Genetic variation explains difference in MS response to interferon beta

March issue of Archives of Neurology | 25 January 2008 | Mental Health & CNS

By comparing the DNA of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) whose symptoms are reduced by interferon beta therapy to the DNA of those who continue to experience relapses, researchers may have identified important genetic differences between the two, according to... Read more

Vitamin D2 link to winter accidents

Archives of Internal Medicine 2008;168:103-108 | 25 January 2008 | Musculoskeletal, Nutrition, Women's Health

Supplements of vitamin D2 appear to reduce the risk of falls among women with a history of falling and low blood vitamin D-levels living in sunny climates, especially during the winter, according to a new report. According to the report,... Read more

WHO curbs on particulate matter

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2008;62:98-104 | 25 January 2008 | Respiratory

Europe must adopt the World Health Organization (WHO) standard on fine particulate-matter pollution if it is to significantly curb needless premature deaths, according to leading researchers. The warning followed a study in which the researchers looked at levels of fine... Read more

A clean slate: strategy for reduction of contamination

Natalya Brown | 25 January 2008 | Infections & Immunology

The use of more profound risk-assessment models for screening and ensuring clearer management directives at ward level may help significantly reduce outbreak incidents of Clostridium difficile (C. diff) in healthcare environments, according to information presented recently at the second annual... Read more

No autism effect by removing thimerosal

Archives of General Psychiatry 2008;65:19-24 | 18 January 2008 | Mental Health & CNS

Autism cases continued to increase in the US state of California after the mercury-containing preservative thimerosal was eliminated from most childhood vaccines in 2001, according to a new report in which doctors studied the prevalence of children with autism in... Read more

Surgery, neurological injury and the spine

Dr Shehzad Mehmood | 18 January 2008 | Musculoskeletal

Although spinal anaesthesia has been administered to patients for surgical procedures in prone position, it is not a common practice. It has been performed for varicose veins ligation, tendon Achilles repair, spinal surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Spinal anaesthesia for spinal... Read more

Metformin and living changes hit antipsychotic drug weight-gains

JAMA 2008;299:185-193 | 18 January 2008 | Diabetes

The diabetes drug metformin and lifestyle changes are effective against anti-psychotic-induced weight gain, and treatment is most effective when the two therapies are combined, according to a new study from China. In the past decade, there has been a growing... Read more

Family meals can curb female eating disorders

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2008;162:17-22 | 18 January 2008 | Mental Health & CNS

Adolescent girls who frequently eat meals with their families appear less likely to use diet pills, laxatives or other extreme measures to control their weight five years later, a new report has found. According to the report, doctors studied 2,516... Read more

Mediterranean pregnancy diet helps childhood asthma levels

Online First Thorax | 18 January 2008 | Nutrition, Respiratory

Mothers-to-be who eat a Mediterranean diet while pregnant could help stave off the risks of asthma and allergy in their children, according to new research. The findings are based on 468 mother and child pairs, who were tracked from pregnancy... Read more

Dexmedetomidine produces superior outcome to lorazepam in ICU patients

JAMA 2007;298:2644-2653 | 11 January 2008 |

Intensive care unit patients on respirators who were sedated with the drug dexmedetomidine had more days alive without delirium or coma, and better sedation, compared to patients treated with the recommended drug lorazepam, according to a new study. Benzodiazepine drugs,... Read more

Liver disease linked to shorter height females

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2007;62:48-53 | 11 January 2008 | Women's Health

Short legs are linked to an increased risk of liver disease in women, a new UK study has found. The findings are based on almost 4300 women between the ages of 60 and 79 years. Standing and seated height were... Read more

Thiazolidinediones linked to higher risk of heart problems for elderly

JAMA 2007;298:2634-2643 | 11 January 2008 | Cardiovascular

Older patients treated for diabetes with thiazolidinedione drugs have a significantly increased risk of heart attack, congestive heart failure, and death, compared with the use of other hypoglycaemic drugs, according to a new study. Canadian-led researchers analysed the risks of... Read more

Low weight baby after miscarriage or abortion

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2007;62:16-22 | 11 January 2008 | Women's Health

Women who have miscarried or had an abortion run three times the normal risk of having a subsequent low birth weight baby, new research has suggested. Researchers used data from the United States Collaborative Perinatal Project, which looks at the... Read more

Instances of persistent platelet activation is cardiovascular threat

New England Journal of Medicine 2007;357:2482-2494 | 11 January 2008 | Cardiovascular

Italian researchers have reported that persistent platelet activation is linked to major cardiovascular risk factors, including diabetes mellitus and visceral obesity. The researchers, funded by the European Commission to study the role of eicosanoids and nitric oxide in cardiovascular disease,... Read more

Glucose monitoring in Type 1 diabetes: past, present and future

Dr El-Muntasir El-Hadi & Dr Kevin B. Moore | 11 January 2008 | Diabetes

Over the past 15 years we have come to understand the importance of tight glycaemic control in the care of patients with Type 1 diabetes. Through the Diabetes Control and Complications trial (DCCT) and the subsequent Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions... Read more

Children of depressed mothers more prone to injury

Injury Prevention 2007;13: 403-408 | 04 January 2008 | Mental Health & CNS

Young children whose mothers are depressed are more prone to behavioural problems and injury, new research from the US has found. The researchers looked at the impact of maternal depression on children's behaviour and injury rates among 1,106 mother and... Read more

Fitness level can predict longevity

JAMA 2007;298:2507-2516 | 04 January 2008 | Cardiovascular, Respiratory

Adults over age 60 who had higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness lived longer than unfit adults - independent of their levels of body fat - according to a new study. Previous studies have provided evidence that obesity and physical inactivity... Read more

Treatments for sinus infections are ineffective in acute cases

JAMA 2007;298:2487-2496 | 04 January 2008 | Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat

A comparison of common treatments for acute sinusitis that included an antibiotic and a topical steroid found neither more effective than placebo, according to a new UK study. In the study, doctors conducted a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial to determine... Read more

Baclofen promotes abstinence in alcoholics with liver cirrhosis

The Lancet 2007;370:1915-1922 | 04 January 2008 | Gastro-intestinal

The drug baclofen is effective at promoting alcohol abstinence in alcohol-dependent patients with liver cirrhosis, and could have an important role in treatment of these individuals, a new Italian-led study has found. In the study, doctors in Rome conducted a... Read more